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Executive Summary: What This Report Is About
Preface: Who Should Read This Report
I. Impacts of Coal Mining: An Overview
II. Wetlands In Southwestern Pennsylvania
III. Environmental Protection In Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Wetland Regulation
Delegation
of Chapter 105 Responsibilities to BMR
IV. Longwall Coal Mining in Pennsylvania
Longwall
Mining Effects on Surface Water Resources
Wetland
Creation by Subsidence
Wetland
Creation for Impact Mitigation
V. Wetland Protection in the Regulations
What the Regulations Require
VI. Wetland Protection in the Underground Mine Permit Application
Module 1: Application
Module 2: General Information
Module 3: Ownership/Compliance
Module 4: Areas Where Mining Is Restricted
Module 5: Property Interests
Module 6: Operation Plan
Module 7: Geologic Information
Module 8: Hydrology
Module 9: Waste Disposal and Sewage
Module 10: Surface Activity Site Maps
Module 11: Land Use, Vegetation, Farmlands
Module 12: Erosion and Sediment Controls
Module 13: Wastewater Treatment Systems
Module 14: Streams and Wetlands 37
Module 15: Mine Openings
Module 16: Impoundments
Module 17: Air Pollution and Noise Control
Module 18: Subsidence Control
Module 19: Underground Mine Plan Maps
Module 20: Reclamation Plan
Module 21: Reclamation Cost Estimates
Module 22: Underground Disposal/Backstowing
Module 23: In-Situ Processing
Module 24: Impact Statement for High
Quality Waters
Appendix A: Permit Transfer
Permit Revisions and Renewals
Applications for Related Mining Facilities
Review and Comment by Other Agencies
and the Public
Permit Approvals
Proposed Underground Mine Application
Form
Section VI Summary
VII. General Summary And Conclusions
VIII. Opportunities For Change
IX. Recommendations
Authorship and Acknowledgments
Appendix A.
Memoranda of Understanding
Bureau of Dams -
1-2-3
|
PA Game Commission - 1-2-3-4-5
| PA Fish & Boat Commission - 1-2-3-4-5
List of Figures and Tables
Figures
Frontispiece. Ponded streams and dried-up springs
1. Rolling landscape of southwestern PA
3. Herbaceous wetland near coal refuse pile
4. NWI wetlands in southwestern PA
6. PADEP administrative offices
8. Stratigraphic section showing principal coal seams
9. Typical longwall and room-and-pillar mine layout
10. Coal production in Pennsylvania
11. Schematic cross-sections of longwall mines
12. Longwall mines and urban areas in Pennsylvania
13. Diagrams showing mine subsidence
16. Subsidence damage to structures
17. Photos of coal waste piles
18. Subsidence ponding of wetlands
19. Subsided streambed with pasture drain
21. Spring and spring-fed wetlands
22. Valley fill slurry impoundment
24. Module 19 map showing wetlands at Emerald No. 1
27. Module 19 map showing mining beneath streams
28. Module 19 map showing absence of wetlands
29. Preparation plant on Enlow Fork
32. Coal use trends in the United States
Table